Gaspard de Coligny was among the first to fall at the hands of a servant of the Duke de . He was a pastor. Synodicon in Gallia Reformata: or, the Acts, Decisions, Decrees, and Canons of those Famous National Councils of the Reformed Churches in France, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Huguenots&oldid=1142115187. [57], The revocation forbade Protestant services, required education of children as Catholics, and prohibited emigration. By 1687 Huguenots made up about 20 percent of the population of Berlin, making Berlin seem almost as much a French town as a German one. Amongst them were 200 pastors. Indeed, some of the Pettit names from the city of Metz and the other French provinces (dpartements) near the borders with Switzerland and Germany were Huguenots (Fr. Wittrock (= a German surname) Grz. [75] When they arrived, colonial authorities offered them instead land 20 miles above the falls of the James River, at the abandoned Monacan village known as Manakin Town, now in Goochland County. In this last connection, the name could suggest the derogatory inference of superstitious worship; popular fancy held that Huguon, the gate of King Hugo,[7] was haunted by the ghost of le roi Huguet (regarded by Roman Catholics as an infamous scoundrel) and other spirits. Genealogy Resources (Tutorial) This simple tutorial is prepared to assist you in performing research in the former German Reichslnder of Elsa-Lothringen, today's French regions of Alsace-Moselle. The Huguenots were French Protestants who were members of the Calvinist Reformed Church that was established in 1550. Nearly 50,000 Huguenots established themselves in Germany, 20,000 of whom were welcomed in Brandenburg-Prussia, where Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia (r.16491688), granted them special privileges (Edict of Potsdam of 1685) and churches in which to worship (such as the Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, Angermnde and the French Cathedral, Berlin). In the early 1700s, the Palatines , refugees from modern-day Germany, also came here. Huguenot Memorial Park in Jacksonville, Florida. He called this tip of the peninsula which jutted out into Newark Bay, "Bird's Point". ", Kurt Gingrich, "'That Will Make Carolina Powerful and Flourishing': Scots and Huguenots in Carolina in the 1680s. Louise de Coligny, daughter of the murdered Huguenot leader Gaspard de Coligny, married William the Silent, leader of the Dutch (Calvinist) revolt against Spanish (Catholic) rule. Paul Revere was descended from Huguenot refugees, as was Henry Laurens, who signed the Articles of Confederation for South Carolina. Both kingdoms, which had enjoyed peaceful relations until 1685, became bitter enemies and fought each other in a series of wars, called the "Second Hundred Years' War" by some historians, from 1689 onward. Reply. They ultimately decided to switch to German in protest against the occupation of Prussia by Napoleon in 180607. The bulk of Huguenot migrs moved to Protestant states such as the Dutch Republic, England and Wales, Protestant-controlled Ireland, the Channel Islands, Scotland, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, the electorates of Brandenburg and the Palatinate in the Holy Roman Empire, and the Duchy of Prussia. Page 363. Several picture galleries can be viewed online, including Huguenot trades [Hugenottisches . [citation needed] Mary returned to Scotland a widow, in the summer of 1561. Many of these settlers were given land in an area that was later called Franschhoek (Dutch for 'French Corner'), in the present-day Western Cape province of South Africa. This was about 21% of all the recorded Hubert's in USA. They founded the silk industry in England. The label Huguenot was purportedly first applied in France to those conspirators (all of them aristocratic members of the Reformed Church) who were involved in the Amboise plot of 1560: a foiled attempt to wrest power in France from the influential and zealously Catholic House of Guise. Although services are conducted largely in English, every year the church holds an Annual French Service, which is conducted entirely in French using an adaptation of the Liturgies of Neufchatel (1737) and Vallangin (1772). The Manakintown Episcopal Church in Midlothian, Virginia serves as a National Huguenot Memorial. . Below is a partial list of Huguenot Ancestors who relate to current Members of the Society. The French Protestant Church of London was established by Royal Charter in 1550. [31] William Farel was a student of Lefevre who went on to become a leader of the Swiss Reformation, establishing a Protestant republican government in Geneva. The Conds established a thriving glass-making works, which provided wealth to the principality for many years. "[10], Some have suggested the name was derived, with similar intended scorn, from les guenon de Hus (the 'monkeys' or 'apes of Jan Hus'). Persecution diminished the number of Huguenots who remained in France. Frenchtown in New Jersey bears the mark of early settlers.[22]. The names displayed are those for which The National Huguenot Society has received and has on file in its archives documented evidence proving, according to normally accepted genealogical standards, that the individual listed was indeed a . The first wave took place between 1540 and 1590 and mainly concerned Geneva. The French protestants, on the other hand, who had fled because of . New Rochelle, located in the county of Westchester on the north shore of Long Island Sound, seemed to be the great location of the Huguenots in New York. The surname Martin of French origin (see 1 above) is listed in the (US) National Huguenot Society's register of qualified . [16] Hans J. Hillerbrand, an expert on the subject, in his Encyclopedia of Protestantism: 4-volume Set claims the Huguenot community reached as much as 10% of the French population on the eve of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre, declining to 7 to 8% by the end of the 16th century, and further after heavy persecution began once again with the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes by Louis XIV in 1685. Kathy is a member of the Huguenot Society. Inhabited by Camisards, it continues to be the backbone of French Protestantism. Some 40,000-50,000 settled in England, mostly in towns near the sea in the southern districts, with the largest concentration in London where they constituted about 5% of the total population in 1700. Some members of this community emigrated to the United States in the 1890s. [16] During the same period there were some 1,400 Reformed churches operating in France. In relative terms, this was one of the largest waves of immigration ever of a single ethnic community to Britain. Previous to the erection of it, the strong men would often walk twenty-three miles on Saturday evening, the distance by the road from New Rochelle to New York, to attend the Sunday service. [84] This was a huge influx as the entire population of the Dutch Republic amounted to c.2million at that time. I'll say a word about it to settle the doubts of those who have strayed in seeking its origin. Whilst searching for a rellie who may have gone by a surname that is the anglicised version of a French word (Francois becomming Francewar), I found a few more French names in St Peter's records. [76] Gradually they intermarried with their English neighbours. In 1709, when the Palatinates were living at St. Katherine's by the Tower, a beautiful church and hospital were located there as well, known as St. Katharine's Church. Persecution of Protestants officially ended with the Edict of Versailles, signed by Louis XVI in 1787. Of the refugees who arrived on the Kent coast, many gravitated towards Canterbury, then the county's Calvinist hub. [16][17], The new teaching of John Calvin attracted sizeable portions of the nobility and urban bourgeoisie. They hid them in secret places or helped them get out of Vichy France. Many modern Afrikaners have French surnames, which are given Afrikaans pronunciation and orthography. The Huguenots of the state opposed the monopoly of power the Guise family had and wanted to attack the authority of the crown. In 1646, the land was granted to Jacob Jacobson Roy, a gunner at the fort in New Amsterdam (now Manhattan), and named "Konstapel's Hoeck" (Gunner's Point in Dutch). Remnant communities of Camisards in the Cvennes, most Reformed members of the United Protestant Church of France, French members of the largely German Protestant Reformed Church of Alsace and Lorraine, and the Huguenot diaspora in England and Australia, all still retain their beliefs and Huguenot designation. Around 1700, it is estimated that nearly 25% of the Amsterdam population was Huguenot. [54][55] Beyond Paris, the killings continued until 3 October. They were very successful at marriage and property speculation. As a result Protestants are still a religious minority in Quebec today. [27] The Waldensians created fortified areas, as in Cabrires, perhaps attacking an abbey. This surname is listed in the (US) National Huguenot Society's register of qualified Huguenot ancestors and also in the similar register of the Huguenot Society of America. The first Huguenot to arrive at the Cape of Good Hope was Maria de la Quellerie, wife of commander Jan van Riebeeck (and daughter of a Walloon church minister), who arrived on 6 April 1652 to establish a settlement at what is today Cape Town. The kingdom did not fully recover for years. Through the 18th and 19th centuries, descendants of the French migrated west into the Piedmont, and across the Appalachian Mountains into the West of what became Kentucky, Tennessee, Missouri, and other states. [citation needed] The greatest concentrations of Huguenots at this time resided in the regions of Guienne, Saintonge-Aunis-Angoumois and Poitou. Examples include: Blignaut, Cilliers, Cronje (Cronier), de Klerk (Le Clercq), de Villiers, du Plessis, Du Preez (Des Pres), du Randt (Durand), du Toit, Duvenhage (Du Vinage), Franck, Fouch, Fourie (Fleurit), Gervais, Giliomee (Guilliaume), Gous/Gouws (Gauch), Hugo, Jordaan (Jourdan), Joubert, Kriek, Labuschagne (la Buscagne), le Roux, Lombard, Malan, Malherbe, Marais, Maree, Minnaar (Mesnard), Nel (Nell), Naud, Nortj (Nortier), Pienaar (Pinard), Retief (Retif), Roux, Rossouw (Rousseau), Taljaard (Taillard), TerBlanche, Theron, Viljoen (Vilion) and Visagie (Visage). The Berlin Huguenots preserved the French language in their church services for nearly a century. du Pont, a former student of Lavoisier, established the Eleutherian gunpowder mills. ", Mark Greengrass, "Protestant exiles and their assimilation in early modern England. [9] Reguier de la Plancha (d. 1560) in his De l'Estat de France offered the following account as to the origin of the name, as cited by The Cape Monthly: Reguier de la Plancha accounts for it [the name] as follows: "The name huguenand was given to those of the religion during the affair of Amboyse, and they were to retain it ever since. Calvinists lived primarily in the Midi; about 200,000 Lutherans accompanied by some Calvinists lived in the newly acquired Alsace, where the 1648 Treaty of Westphalia effectively protected them. ", Heinz Schilling,"Innovation through migration: the settlements of Calvinistic Netherlanders in sixteenth-and seventeenth-century Central and Western Europe. French became the language of the educated elite and of the court at Potsdam on the outskirts of Berlin. [58], After this, the Huguenots (with estimates ranging from 200,000 to 1,000,000[5]) fled to Protestant countries: England, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Norway, Denmark, and Prussiawhose Calvinist Great Elector Frederick William welcomed them to help rebuild his war-ravaged and underpopulated country. The surname Cordes is most commonly associated with Germany, Belgium, France and Spain. Today, there are some Reformed communities around the world that still retain their Huguenot identity. Dr Kathleen Chater has been tracing her own family history for over 30 years. Examples include the Huguenot District and French Church Street in Cork City; and D'Olier Street in Dublin, named after a High Sheriff and one of the founders of the Bank of Ireland. Konstanze Dahn (real name Constanze Le Gaye) (1814-1894), German actress. [11][12] By 1911, there was still no consensus in the United States on this interpretation. For example, E.I. Around 1685, Huguenot refugees found a safe haven in the Lutheran and Reformed states in Germany and Scandinavia.