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To assist Confederate prisoners in returning home safely. The passage of the 14th Amendment and Civil Rights legislation were great victories for the advocates of equality under the law. The worksheet provided in the Text Document for Activity 1 asks two sets of questions: one set relates to the document, and the other relates to the corresponding section of the interactive. WebActivity #2: Evaluating ReconstructionThe Fourteenth Amendment Directions: It is the year 1877 and, in the wake of the election of Rutherford B. Hayes, Union troops finally have been 414 0 obj <> endobj Equally important, the concept of "civil rights" was established during this period. endstream endobj startxref While there were some improvements in African American life in the post-war South, many whites were reluctant to abandon their racist attitudes and biased practices. 'j/%>Rgy|@mePxSNOw5Nu'IbL`hEfYaWk*_p HUMO@W o%T@EBQ6P}wwIJ/$7~\]1U 7d9c$y_M)8L%D/*rTPg2QL(Ies>U,;1Q8U#91 EbS _Rd~HYzA?NMDDJHojx,zZ gk3pi:A2!I,8X^78ZrT]RruNx6 CAm? In 1865 President Andrew Johnson implemented a plan of Reconstruction that gave the white South a free hand in regulating the transition from slavery to freedom and offered no role to blacks in the politics of the South. 20F_B[G S`F>6~hf( Eph/LWNMK $r3R6W>44w9(Hct:@LN@@4H9O$T,\LuqDk9HMZ] 7l7{7eCUbMWmh"!baox]51Q"EF kRm'C*_@Q$VF*`C{:7v I"q{n]w)cqJ}q*6]d&5PhdSh3_|`k^Mq!U\:fqo,SI0L6-;jTS(WOC6"ZCx+5bo42+Pp;3:=BbXm)]IF The carpetbaggers, so named because of how they travelled light with inexpensive luggage made of fabric, were largely a benign group of Northern Republicans seeking a fresh start in the South (despite Southern Democrats fears to the contrary). Things began to change socially, politically, and economically. When did reconstruction begin? Reconstruction lasted from the Civil War to 1877. During Civil War they had "rehearsals" for reconstruction in the Union-occupied south. Idea of black people being free began during the Civil War. Senators? This was all Congress needed to begin impeachment proceedings. many became sharecroppers. hb```c``e`f`xb,@($yQAI &l&a81r``Hs20A4 dUf ` EDSITEment is a project of theNational Endowment for the Humanities, Smithsonian Learning Lab collection on the Reconstruction Era, America's Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War, Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation, Excerpts from the testimony of Maddie Curtis, Excerpt from the conclusion of Holland Thompson, The Resources of North Carolina: Its Natural Wealth, Condition, and Advantages, as Existing in 1869, The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, Letter from President Ulysses S. Grant to the Hon. The states were put under the control of military commanders until they ratified the Fourteenth Amendment and rebuilt their state governments. Right now, he is working on the chapter that examines the importance and impact of the Fourteenth Amendment. Congress established a joint committee to review Reconstruction policy and set further conditions for readmitting states. What limited African American freedom during Reconstruction? He believed that there would be no benefit to punishing southern states. These groups will take on the role of special investigative committees reporting to a Congressional committee examining the effects of Reconstruction. Republicans were in control of both the House and Senate, and they gave a ringing endorsement to the amendment and congressional, not presidential, Reconstruction. The next century would see African Americans continuing to fight for the legal rights they had been granted and were rightfully entitled to. A time of rebuilding the South after the Civil War to resolve the South's problems and bring it back into the Union. To the north, it looked like slavery in a new form. Booth assassinated President Lincoln on April 14, 1865 during the performance of a play in Washington, D.C.s Fords Theater. Select all that apply. It declared that all people born in the United States are entitled to be citizens without regard to race, color, or previous condition of slavery. This represented the reversal of that portion of the Dred Scott decision which ruled that black people were not and could not become citizens of the United States or enjoy any of the privileges and immunities of citizenship. The first federal immigration restrictions were passed during this time. He placed North Carolina and eventually other states under appointed provisional governors chosen mostly from among prominent southern politicians who had opposed the secession movement and had rendered no conspicuous service to the Confederacy. bookmarked pages associated with this title. "Z~(Y9I,$iA4rHR2y"xBCDx!uF$P=C|# Reconstruction was successful in helping to reunite a divided country. The war devastated the Southern economy and population, leaving a lot of hard feelings towards the victorious North. The process of rebuilding the South after the Civil War. President Grant undoubtedly played a important role in what was the country's first civil rights movement in some ways, but Reconstruction had its shortcomings. Segregation of both the official and unofficial variety took root. The organization put in place after the Civil War to provide schools in the South was known as: answer choices The Civil Rights Committee Turn in their completed worksheets from Activities 1 and 2 for a grade. What legal loopholes did Southerners create to resist African American equality? What was the Civil Rights Act of 1875? For more detailed information on the process of Reconstruction, the teacher is encouraged to visit America's Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War; for a timeline of major events of Reconstruction during the war itself, of particular use is Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation. E&GvBQ"RYP F2;~}i,v K_)DR zdh[_/P&ME *8-pmw(j7Qjcmj9~::$x}v8@;aZwO,qo Lincoln realized that, with the war over, anything that prolonged the divide between North and South would be harmful to the nation overall. exodusters- black refugees fleeing north or west from depression and violence. Ex. Which of the following describes the African American experience in the Reconstruction-Era South? Equality at the ballot box would be a work in progress for decades to come. Webshark diving captions; how old is linda olsen global news calgary; commercial property for lease manatee county; woah oh oh oh ohhh song 80s Grant won the 1868 presidential election by a landslide in the Electoral College, but only won the popular vote by 300,000 ballots. Lincoln vetoed this bill, setting the stage for a compromise on the issue of Reconstruction. Atticus G. Haygood (then President of Emory University), Our Brother in Black: His Freedom and Our Future, 1881, William Robert Houghton, Two Boys in the Civil War and After, An AutobiographyA Southern Colored Woman, Lesson 1: The Battle Over Reconstruction: The Aftermath of War, Lesson 2: The Battle Over Reconstruction: The Politics of Reconstruction, The Battle Over Reconstruction: Southern Recovery. It helped the Republicans seat more than 2/3 majority in the House and Congress. Underline each complement and indicate what kind of complement each one is. endstream endobj 115 0 obj <>stream 0 To help African Americans, particularly those who had been enslaved, adjust to life with increased rights and responsibilities, To ensure that white voters supported anti-slavery laws and policies. HWn}W*(5X,lvLvv}X[ZKq>yFNIQ:UNWOo+S.~/\N($B;f %QI`MVy*|UrS=/4t4_&y^F?7KH84ZxGIUl~&=$wZ]mI_}?cIt4.#9r{s~zn|'nDD DqPz7.|f@(F_k~mz\(J( ,l=70$(yAbs[ki i l}QXvf;;4f74x4B3G3=!7.W X5Xz4]?w/ %Q:!^M_}8z:K H?Ce[U|.CKu@CY) iw#7PY7WP$|WPUqAr5vVK]tok*Dx|MX:-!O Jo#=j8u>rRt\?n! ~.Mgq1JwPD_8 sgA4DY_.kYTP@FuU;zvbEFX=1 S$&5blu1X3=y\W]lh 5f+tY[SU%-6+VZX]r6_>:@ t QYoySE"6=sPoa'&vxgO,q2@pYb: S,d.b9Ij?z/pT0,8[Bx53;IGbxfBQcNx;sLWcw1s}(5_1TJz0O#FNl7DysZjEnjN0_k!d.vT&_AfjwGlEPC|aVK=:+JG}gg] @@ovkV\Uv(%xR\V&%9 cn_n@:/X4m4dIo1i`m[q}+ql4w Upon taking office, Grant hoped to build upon the previously established framework by championing the 15th Amendment to enhance, protect, and guarantee black male voting rights nationwide. The thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth amendment were created during the twelve years of rebuilding the country. Established the concepts of birthright citizenship (anyone born within U.S. boundaries or territories subject to the jurisdiction of U.S. law was automatically a U.S. citizen, excluding Indians) and equal protection of the law. Would he or she feel anger over, anything? HUj@}WDn! Analyzing Primary SourcesThis lesson involves using a number of primary source documents authored by a variety of people; some were highly educated, others were less so, and still others were recently freed slaves who were barely literate. If you leave this page, your progress will be lost. Though Republicans made quick and huge political gains in the South as newly enfranchised black voters rushed to their support, it was clear that the party and its ideals of peace through racial and sectional harmony on Republican terms remained unpopular with large segments of the populationparticularly with those who were disenfranchised because they could not take the oath or otherwise prove their loyalty to the Union. Copy of Evaluating Reconstruction Interactive Activity.docx, Karen-Hernandez_Evaluating_Reconstruction_Interactive_Activity, Evaluating Reconstruction Interactive Project.docx, Janmarco Ordonez Romero - Evaluating Reconstruction Interactive Project.pdf, Linh Ho - Reconstruction Notes Questions.docx, Deysha Macrae Reconstruction assignment.docx, HIS 121-W1 Ch. To provide African Americans access to government services, To desegregate Southern society and institutions, To restrict the freedom of African Americans and ensure their availability as a cheap labor force, To repeal the slave codes that were in place before the war. What was the purpose of the Freedmens Bureau? What was the congressional response? You can find more resources to supplement this lesson at ourSmithsonian Learning Lab collection on the Reconstruction Era. The central question of Reconstruction was how to reunite a badly divided country fractured by four years of civil war. Grant's victory came in large part to nearly 500,000 black voters in the South who overwhelmingly voted for him and the Republican party during the election. In this sense Reconstruction failed not because of President Grant or even because of southern opposition to civil rights, but because an entire nation--North, South, and West--lost the political and moral will to support the cause of equality before the law. His policies after he became president were even more lenient than Lincoln's, and they caused a confrontation with the Radical Republicans in Congress that culminated in his impeachment. Sharecropping. Weighted against growth in the North, the South fared poorer by all economic gauges. Reconstruction strategy that was based on severely punishing South for causing war. President Ulysses S. Grant had been elected partly because he seemed to show promise of strong executive leadership, but also because he was viewed in the afterglow of his wartime success. What was the purpose of the Black Codes which were enacted in Southern states in 1865 and 1866? Question 4 Exclusion of the last group reflected Johnson's hatred of the planter aristocracy rather than some condition that had to do with restoring the former Confederate states. Who became president when Lincoln was assassinated? There were also a number of members in Congress who were involved in the Crdit Mobilier scandal, which involved the Union Pacific Railroad and federal contracts for the first Transcontinental Railroad. At the end of the day, what did it mean to be an American, and whose rights were deserving of the full protection of the U.S. government? The states were allowed to ignore the Fourteenth Amendment. However, Congress refused to seat the newly elected senators and representatives from the South. He talked about punishing the traitors and breaking up the large plantations, but at the same time, he supported states' rights and had little sympathy for blacks. Literacy tests were put into place requiring citizens to read difficult passages from legal documents in order to be able to vote. Although the Lost Cause narrative argued that Grant's presidency had been a complete failure, more recent scholarship has attempted to reevaluate his legacy in a more balanced manner, highlighting both the accomplishments and shortcomings of his eight years in office. After completing both sections of the worksheet, the group should discuss what they have learned about their topic through the interactive and the document. Jabir ibn Hayyan replaced the.. of a misinformed philosophy with the rigors of objective experimentation. WebThe Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 Split ten former Confederate states (excluding Tennessee) into five military districts to be overseen by the U.S. military and mandated that The Freedmen's Bureau was designed to help blacks and poor whites by providing cloths, food, and education. Removing #book# 422 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<265032BD191E80938A6ADD50CB5C2A09><70F37FA8EF8F2147B5D06180275EA241>]/Index[414 23]/Info 413 0 R/Length 60/Prev 68229/Root 415 0 R/Size 437/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Finally, History Matters offers helpful pages on "Making Sense of Maps.". Many Southerners were scared of rebellion. The Reconstruction Act was refined by subsequent legislation. This show of weakness seemed to set the tone for Grants administration (1869-77) which, though it seemed to offer some promise to restore order and sanity to the South, actually accomplished very little in this realm. 0. the redeemers. Who was one of the first black representatives in the Georgia Assembly? Enough Republican senators appreciated the fact that Johnson's offenses were political and that they did not fall under the high crimes and misdemeanors specified in the Constitution for presidential impeachment. The historian (i.e., the teacher) will preside over the presentations and discussions and help the class distill the information gathered so that the class, together, can compose a two-page brief for the historian summarizing the impact of the Reconstruction debate over voting rights on the politics of the nation in 1877. WebThe Emancipation Proclamation had freed only those enslaved in rebellious states, leaving many enslaved peoplemost notably, those in the border statesin bondage; furthermore, it did not alter or prohibit the institution of slavery in general. Distinguish the central and driving ideas at work in the documents used to illustrate this lesson. Which class in the New South had recovered political power from the carpetbaggers? His campaign theme was "Let Us Have Peace," and he tried his best to promote sectional and racial harmony throughout the country. The Amnesty Act of 1872 completely flipped the script on Southern politics and halted the progress being made by Reconstruction efforts. (.EVDY(*BAwz{}}$awd$J7 IBFQ` Adoption of the amendment was an issue in the 1866 congressional elections, but the president's campaign against it did not work. Yes, two from Mississippi. Learning Objectives Evaluate the successes and Blacks that did not have jobs could be put in jail, and therefore took the first job (even bad jobs) offered to them. blacks could vote and hold office. [6O;},DLJ ^;4Orqb.:)O.FXl-%}ZXMHlxixt0CM@)Ymr3xQwv_D&?Qe2}=4#r"A: %QHW)/7+ "IG If this activity does not load, try refreshing your browser. How did the WadeDavis Bill deal with the issues of Reconstruction? It is the year 1877 and, in the wake of the election of Rutherford B. Hayes, Union troops finally have been recalled from the South. Share Croppers:Mostly Freedmen who had no tools or supplies, and worked, farmed, and lived on someone else's land. Booth, a stage actor, had ties to the Confederate cause. Ryan read an exegesis of the cryptic poem because .. What is meant by the term Reconstruction? Segregation laws were legal in former Confederate states only. The Reconstruction Era was a transformative period in U.S. history that took place during the Civil War era. He pushed for the establishment of the Department of Justice in 1870, which was tasked with investigating acts of violence against African Americans. The long alliance between the women's movement and the abolitionist cause broke, and women struggled on their own for another half century for the right to vote. they wre industrialists and bankers. Please wait while the activity loads. endstream endobj 114 0 obj <>stream Much of the South lay in ruins with @{/rd;G[F|!-DStuux2g>w2q}g=,~1tMEDuMz@hN Over the next two years, partially due to the help of newly enfranchised African American male voters, all ten states complied with the Reconstruction Acts mandates. endstream endobj 118 0 obj <>stream Rather than working with congressmen who might have supported his Reconstruction plan, Johnson alienated potential political allies by vetoing legislation intended to ensure civil rights for African Americans. The term was used derisively by white Southern Democrats who opposed Reconstruction legislation. `a{/uXZO`qf\ v-Nf. endstream endobj 117 0 obj <>stream Compute the acceleration of the particle after 2 seconds -30. 0 It also made it difficult to enforce Republican plans for Reconstruction or the 14th and 15th Amendments to the Constitution. What did the 15th Amendment accomplish ? answer choices Howdid the Thirteenth Amendment changethe Constitution? A large number of immigrants and African Americans were given voting rights. e17bZVXrKW@]snp/bAb Ff# 4} GoBEeNoh,:XDlU@? 1&f<6a&wX5:(mIt%`}o"0`PVi>r#7e^2F+Y{\p^W If loading fails, click here to try again. B 9. Who did southern voters elect to office under the terms of presidential reconstruction? Did Congress do anything about white violence? from your Reading List will also remove any The Civil Rights Act of 1866, which granted blacks born in the United States the same rights as white citizens, also became law (in April) over the president's objection. Johnson pushed for laws limiting the Executive Branchs power to help ensure the policies included in the Radical Reconstruction plan would endure after he left office. pF{:RTV Segregation was ruled unconstitutional and all Jim Crow laws had to be immediately repealed. Grant also supported a series of legislative acts in 1871 to enhance the federal government's ability to use the military to stop acts of racial terrorism committed by the Ku Klux Klan, and in 1875 he signed a Civil Rights law that outlawed racial discrimination in public transportation and accommodations, and barred black exclusion from jury service. White Violence- southerners could deal better than the north While much progress could be seen in things like the exponential growth of railroads, even an optimistic reading of these barometers had to be tempered by an acknowledgement that doubling track mileage does not amount to much when the starting point was so low. Who had been his early political supporters? legislators that were elected to office in the South during Reconstruction? Established in March 1865, the Bureau had provided blacks in the South with material assistance, schools, and guidance in settling on abandoned land. Compose a two-page essay explaining the ways in which the effects of Reconstruction may continue to affect our politics today. TQSCQIf@*$ &!O3bsJ!WK^86QP91IDY LcB=G[s^P`~`AB)Pd~yfOqbS(ox2GWb{quG9sX }Lg U[* Who was it supposed to help? HUn0+(cj , @X! The Resources of North Carolina: Its Natural Wealth, Condition, and Advantages, as Existing in 1869. Following the presentations, the teacher may also wish to lead the class in a discussion of the methodology of this activity, asking students to examine the ways in which maps, pictures, and original documents expanded their understanding of the topic. It gave native born blacks citizenship. ISAISIP TAYAHIN Aling isyu na may kinalaman sa paggalang sa buhay ng tao ang tumutukoy A. Ipakita ang iyong pagkaunawa sa ma konseptong tinatalakay sa pamamagitan paglalaglag sa sanggol mula sa. wF.*is5oGYqUTsaqrY)$y, "beVv1=;"urk{k"56#UEli[EB9}qJ=YY@jOU{[89K,2M`` The government would pay farmers to grow specific crops that were particularly in demand. gave blacks equal access to public accommodations Demonstrate their ability to navigate through a statistical map interactive. The historians aim is to write the first comprehensive history of the period. hbbd``b` $ H0E$ b3!D( ( qX | They were more familiar with the places where most battles occured. With an interactive map that combines statistics with the thoughts and ideas of people living through this difficult period, students will consider the ways in which efforts at recovery were either successful or disappointing. Discuss how these policies may have affected attitudes in the country and, subsequently, how these attitudes helped or hindered politics upon the conclusion of the Reconstruction era. 'B!Kck#'=kimtfqqT~>(i{w-[V] The documents listed above in conjunction with an examination of the painting could be used to spark an in-class discussion of the difficulties facing the South as it moved from one kind of social structure to a new, more American, way of life. 75RockiCr ? It required that 50 percent of a state's voters take the oath of allegiance and demanded stronger safeguards for emancipation than Lincoln's as the price of readmission. Several states refused to either repudiate the huge debt produced by the war or unconditionally accept the Thirteenth Amendment. Po^dl=X7K1*,@~]^[ #Uh"d Lincolns view, while prudent, was not extremely popular. Why was the former Confederacy divided into military districts by the federal government? Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. that he violated the Tenure of Office Act--by firing Sec of War Stanton. How might a fact like this have affected opinions on questions such as civil rights, government contracts for major infrastructure improvements (such as railroads) and shaped views on questions such as education? Despite these violations of both the letter and spirit of his program, the president announced that Reconstruction was complete in December 1865. pNqmjEJOpKxZv{u 4-aCn v84l%_YYk:Ii:vSG#oa H"x\*Uj/V-,!9.RT5\VM_nCdB5" \.x}{ No/^+4.svjc;NfdHsfJhl\_e2nsS,{ Each document corresponds to one of the five Topics in the After Reconstruction section of the interactive. No. For this activity, the students will use the interactive maps [temporarily located at http://civclients.com/nehint/recon/] as well as the documents specified below that can be found in the Text Document for Activity 1. %PDF-1.5 % 35(VgS[Ywhhyy]^TTrni9j8m^!^ H` What was the Freedmen's Bureau? _ After reading their assigned document, students should answer the document questions on their worksheet and then proceed to the interactive to answer those questions. Most people in the Union supported the Confederacy's Voter fatigue- northerners were tired of worrying about it and hearing about it. It tested the Constitution and resulted in a compromise that ended Reconstruction in America. This condition was inevitable given the disqualification of many of the regions most experienced and able government officials because of their disfranchisement for participation in the late rebellion. In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the Vice President shall become President. But charges of corruption were not limited to Grants administration. Ten Southern states were placed under the control of military leaders until such time as they passed the Fourteenth Amendment and put state constitutions in place that aligned with the United States Constitution. Question 3 How did the WadeDavis Bill deal with the issues of Reconstruction? The authors of the documents were selected to show a variety of contrasting views and also to reflect the different ways that Reconstruction affected various populations. hWO0Gx`*Bi1 `ZS"%;;NS5J;|@@hHx4&"A $ #p H}AxChDGOB(9S,vcs:JI]V]WywIO{{AS !^}8;]:yNc0v*4Xqa`p k5 z2 9&+cr'~ IOV~=GHB:'*kXa=9r^baYz/1ag7F:,Ww AF;{zVV5S-l/"NZ|'Ol,U#dmCUGe^eE?Ze\mLFMeSZ`E#`jcj~Qm|V$vN81t~~b2[_\$#'b*$]t# Losing the Civil War meant that the South would have to conform to the laws of the United States. The impeachment of Johnson. *SY(u% 9 Henry McNeal Turner was the first African American elected to the Georgia General Assembly. All the of the African American were expelled in 1868 when whites said that the Constitution gave freedmen the right to vote, but never explicitly said they had the right to run for and hold an office because they were once slaves. This meant that Southern governments frequently were in the hands of novices: for example, inexperienced (and sometimes illiterate) freedmen andworse yet, from the point of view of many Southern loyalistsNortherners who had moved in the wake of war to assist in the recovery effort. The Black Codes included tactics like fines, arrests, and kidnapping to force African Americans back into bondage working on Southern farms without, technically, enslaving them. The Fifteenth Amendment was designed to allow all male citizens the right to vote regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. This was a bold and progressive change to Americas Constitution, however feelings of racism persisted throughout the wounded nation. The Radical. What was the "Swing 'Round the Circle"? Reconstruction in Practice. What paragraph clues help you determine the possible meaning of the word? C04I!q^Q);i])G~H.HdRYBBYRi8,i 7P.,NPI Who were the Exodusters? Sharecroppers typically did not have enough good farmland or time to tend to it. D. H. Chamberlain, Governor of South Carolina, Excerpt from Carl Schurz, speech in the Senate, Rutherford B. Hayes, letter of acceptance of the nomination for the Presidency, Excerpt from the testimony of Henry Blake, 1937. WebDuring Reconstruction, three new amendments to the Constitution redefined freedom, citizenship, and democracy in the United States. The KKK wanted to move power in government back to the Democratic Party. The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution officially abolished and continues to prohibit slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. But in his first showdown with Congress upon being elected, Grant backed down and accepted a compromise proposal with the Senate even after the House had voted to join him in his opposition to the Act.